Financial Investment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Monetary Investment - Research Paper Example Proportion examination and offer value investigations are 2 generally significant and regularly utilized instruments to break down the money related situation of a specific stock. An appropriate basic and specialized examination by and large gives an essential thought with respect to these viewpoints and assists financial specialists with settling on educated venture choices. By and large the natural estimation of the stock is resolved from the money related realities given the yearly report of the organization utilizing free-incomes and it is contrasted with the current market cost of the stock. At the point when the stock is seen as underestimated then it gives a chance to the speculator to purchase the stocks at lower current cost and afterward sell it in future when stock costs approaches target cost. This technique will enable the financial specialist to make benefits by purchasing stocks at lower cost and afterward selling it when stock costs acknowledges and ceteris paribus. C hoices for Investment Decision While there are numerous alternatives accessible to a financial specialist for speculation, it is essential to take note of that not all venture goals are similarly ok for venture when danger of venture is thought of. The most secure speculation goal is government protections in light of the fact that there are extremely constrained possibilities that the legislature will default. Another most ordinarily favored venture road is regular loads of traded on an open market organizations. Organizations whose stocks are recorded in stock trades (like NASDAQ, NYSE, and so on.) might be exchanged auxiliary markets. However, at whatever point the financial specialist considers interest in value arranged protections and stocks the danger of speculation essentially increments. This is on the grounds that when the financial specialist purchases value portions of any organization the speculator really buys in to settled up value capital of the proprietors of the or ganization. This naturally makes the speculator the new stocks holder and expect that the financial specialist will bear the hazard related with business. Buying value shares gives the financial specialist the chance to acquire profits and lingering benefits proportionate to particular membership or venture. Value stocks are dangerous on the grounds that the investors are qualified for procure from speculation simply after all liabilities of the business substance has been paid-off. This implies on the off chance that the business has no benefits left for circulation to investors in the wake of regarding business risk then no profits will be paid to investors. In this way, interest in organization stocks is both dangerous and compensating as in higher the hazard the higher would be the normal return. It is exhorted that before settling on any venture choices for interest specifically stocks the budgetary directors must assemble all important data identified with business in regards to money related position, exceptional monetary liabilities and the capacity of the business to respect such liabilities. Organization Overview The organization picked for budgetary investigation is Apple Inc. (Ticker Symbol AAPL) which is a Fortune 500 organization whose offers are traded on an open market. Apple Inc. is a main equipment and programming organization which has home office in Cupertino, California, U.S. The organization has more than 400 worldwide retail locations spread in more than 14 nations and it is recorded in NASDAQ as a traded on an open market organization. Apple additionally shapes a segment of S&P 500 composite list and NASDAQ-100 segment. The financials of the organization is solid and for the year finishing 2012, the organization revealed a net benefit of over UD$ 41

Standard Business Questions in English

Standard Business Questions in English There are various standard business addresses utilized when making for the most part asks into the idea of an organization. The accompanying exchange covers various standard business questions. The reference segment at that point gives varieties and related business inquiries for some of the standard business addresses utilized in the exchange. Business Reporter Thank you for setting aside the effort to meet with me today. Supervisor: Its my pleasure Business Reporter: Who accomplish you work for? Director: I work for Springco. Business Reporter: What does Springco do? Supervisor: Springoco disperses wellbeing items all through the United States. Business Reporter: Where is the organization based? Supervisor: Springco is situated in Vermont. Business Reporter: what number individuals do you utilize? Administrator: Currently, we have 450 individuals on staff. Business Reporter: Whats your yearly income? Administrator: Our gross income is about $5.5. million this year. Business Reporter: What kind of appropriation administrations do you give? Supervisor: We disperse to both discount and retail outlets. Business Reporter: What kind of web nearness do you have? Chief: We have a retail facade, just as an online gathering. Business Reporter: Is your organization open? Chief: No, we are a secretly held organization. Business Reporter: What kind of calculated structure do you have? Administrator: We transport from four provincial stockrooms. Business Reporter: Where are your items fabricated? Administrator: Most of our items are made abroad, yet a number are additionally delivered here in the United States. Standard Business Questions Who accomplish you work for? Varieties: Which organization accomplish you work for? Where accomplish you work? Related Questions: What sort of employment do you have? What do you do? What are your obligations? What does X do? Varieties: What sort of business does X do? Which business is X in? Related Questions: What sort of items does X sell/make/produce? What sort of administrations does X give/offer? Where is the organization based? Varieties: Where is your organization found? Where are your base camp? Related Questions: Where do you have branches? Do you have any workplaces abroad? What number of individuals do you utilize? Varieties: What number of individuals does X utilize? What number of individuals does X have on staff? What number of workers are there at X? Related Questions: What number of divisions are there? What number of individuals are on staff in that branch? What number of individuals do you utilize in (City)? Whats your yearly income? Varieties: Whats your turnover? What sort of income do you do? Related Questions: Whats your net benefit? What are (were) your quarterly income? What sort of an edge do you have? Is your organization open? Varieties: It is safe to say that you are a traded on an open market organization? It is safe to say that you are on the securities exchange? Is your organization secretly held? Related Questions: Whats your companys stock image? Which market would you say you are exchanged on? Where are your items fabricated? Varieties: Where are your merchandise delivered? Where do you make/produce your product?

Sickle Cell Anemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sickle Cell Anemia - Essay Example Every cell of a human body comprises of a core. All the hereditary material required for the physical qualities of an individual are available in the 23 chromosomes situated inside the core. A solitary unit of a DNA is known as a quality. A quality gives us the headings required for integrating a protein and these proteins are liable for our characteristics. Every quality comprises of a particular request of nucleotides and these nucleotides direct the request for amino acids which thusly structure fastens and connections to shape proteins. These arrangements of amino acids are significant on the grounds that they are answerable for the shape, structure and qualities of a protein. Any adjustment in this grouping is known as a transformation and the impacts could be unpleasant. Change in this succession could make the qualities of a protein change totally. Transformation is fundamentally the unconstrained change in the structure of a quality or chromosome. There are numerous kinds of transformations and they could either be gainful or unsafe. This kind of change is a case of a point transformation or a missense change, and is clearly very destructive, if the quality happens in a homozygotic structure. It happens in the beta globin quality (HBB) which is available in the eleventh chromosome. The HBB quality is liable for typical blood creation. The point transformation makes the beta hemoglobin atom convert the GAG codon into a GUG codon by translation for example it encodes the amino corrosive valine as opposed to the seventh amino corrosive, glutamic corrosive. Valine is hydrophobic (water detesting) making the hemoglobin atom twist inwards, making it become sickle molded. There are no different changes in the structure. The blend of any protein is a two-advance procedure. Right off the bat the directions in the quality, present in the DNA, are duplicated onto an emissary RNA (mRNA) with the assistance of RNA polymerase. The amalgamation of the mRNA is an intri cate procedure. This stage is known as interpretation. In this stage, the RNA polymerase breaks the obligations of the twofold helical atom of DNA and with the assistance of base blending, distinctive RNA nucleotides are included each in turn. To comprehend the idea of base matching, one needs to comprehend the structure of RNA first. Every RNA atom comprises of a nitrogenous base, sugar and a phosphate particle. Be that as it may, in contrast to DNA, RNA is single abandoned. During interpretation, every DNA nucleotide is matched with a complimentary RNA nucleotide. The complimentary base sets are as per the following: Guanine with Cytosine Thymine(DNA) sets with Adenine (RNA) Adenine (DNA) sets with Uracil(RNA) One of the essential contrasts among DNA and RNA is of the nitrogenous bases. Instead of Thymine, RNA contains Uracil. This strategy for base blending guarantees that the right arrangement of nucleotides, present in the DNA, is duplicated onto the mRNA chain. (Gary H. Perdew ) These directions comprise of the grouping where the amino acids ought to be connected together to frame the protein. For this situation, the new mRNA framed at the eleventh chromosome is encoded with the freak code. At that point the data on the mRNA bases is interpreted by the ribosomes with the goal that they can put amino acids in the provided request to shape the protein that was coded for by the quality for this situation, the beta s globin. Three nucleotides in a mRNA particle are the code for one amino corrosive. This arrangement of nucleotides is known as a codon. This arrangement of codons is really the code for the succession of amino acids in a protein. As a result of the point change the HBB quality

Performance of Identity Essay Topics - the Conspiracy

Performance of Identity Essay Topics - the Conspiracy The Start of Performance of Identity Essay Topics Identity theft is a significant source of concern since quite a while now. You should have your reasons, and our primary concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. The good thing is that there's a commit in Github that will resolve that matter. In the uPort approach, zero transactions are wanted in the majority of cases because most claims are private. It doesn't make a difference to us, whether you're too busy on the job concentrating on a passion undertaking, or simply tired of a seemingly infinite stream of assignments. Roles get even better when you combine various kinds of access across multiple applications so that individuals can request the majority of the access they require through a single function. After they have been created, you frequently need to modify and update them. There is an amazing quantity of innovation happening within the area of wallet contracts, which is the reason why we think that the precise interface and implementation of it shouldn't be defined as a member of an identity standard. When data is hashed, the inputs cannot be easily determined dependent on the output. In case the consumer is a wise contract, it ought to implement all the present schemes, but it could obviously not implement any future schemes. The very first example of blockchains disrupting a current vertical is currency. In addition, the culture is really liberal about sexual identities too. Afterwards, a little group of us used the signs for our very own opt-in intersectional variant of the activity. It usually means that hard-working is an incredibly important factor among Americans. A Secret Weapon for Performance of Identity Essay Topics The internet was constructed on a set of relatively simple standards that do just a single thing. If you receive bran d identity right you'll find it a lot simpler to grab customers. Choosing where to go to college is an amazingly important choice. Among the challenges with managing access through roles is that you're able to grant or remove a good deal of access to lots of people all at one time. Ruthless Performance of Identity Essay Topics Strategies Exploited Saving the private key is crucial. There are many different security threats on the web. For fintech companies Identity is about KYC. Moreover, that nothing ought to be on the dbo schema instead it ought to be in its own schema named Security. Absolutely free Belonging essay samples are offered on FreeEssayHelp with no payment or registration. Still, every one of them would show up in the overall list. Individuals will be recognized by their public address that's calculated from a one of a kind private key that nobody else has. The categories are somewhat arbitrary in name, but they do include plenty of information. What You N eed to Know About Performance of Identity Essay Topics Likewise, a brand's voice should truly feel appropriate to its nature and remain constant with time. A digital presence usually means that part of who we are lives in the shape of digitalized details. When you consider identity, you consider the attributes which make someone the person they are. The identity is quite vital for the well being of somebody in their everyday life, on the job and despite their relaintionships. Although roles are a fantastic idea that could save yourself a lot of work with time, the tough part is building the roles in the very first spot. My mother gave me one of the greatest gifts I have ever received in my entire life. For him, it is a matter of life and death. The mind has become the most important influential portion of an individual to set up their identity thru time present or future. The essay isn't the simplest task to master. With FreeEssayHelp you'll find hundreds of Belonging essay topics in a matter of many seconds. To get started writing your assignment you would want to run into an interesting and promising topic. With our customized essay offer, you can be certain to get any kind of essay help you are searching for. Getting the Best Performance of Identity Essay Topics Exceptionalism and Nationalism The concept of exceptionalism has instilled in Americans mind through the history and consequently it has made them think they are distinctive and disti nctive individuals dwelling in a land of chances. The results of sexist behaviors remains the exact same. In practice, segregation of duties is quite hard to implement and enforce because you must have a good deal of information concerning the particular small business functions that entitlements make it possible for people to perform, in addition to an extensive business knowledge across systems of which actions shouldn't be combined. Rather than categorizing, listen to the people who live in the room and their demands.

Personal Statement For Administrative Fellowship - 836 Words

Personal Statement for Administrative Fellowship â€Å"He who has health has hope. And he who has hope, has everything.†- Benjamin Franklin. The decision to pursue a lifetime of service within the Healthcare industry was quite easy for me. After witnessing the importance of having exceptional health care first hand, I want to do everything I can to assist others by ensuring that healthcare policies and procedures are followed properly. Without proper health care, a person can feel lost and hopeless. I believe that an Administrative Fellowship at Massachusetts General Hospital will enable me with the necessary tools to plan, direct, communicate, and govern effectively in a health care facility. While obtaining my biology degree, I had the pleasure of working in a busy pediatrician’s office during the summer and waitressing at night. Naturally, multi-tasking became the norm for me, which has helped me tremendously. During the duration of pursing my master’s degree I have maintained the capabilities of being a valuable asset to my full time position, maintained a high GPA in my studies, supported my friends and family whenever they needed me and continue to stay active in my sorority by supporting local community service efforts such as breast cancer awareness and programs geared towards emerging young leaders. Ironically, my ability to multi-task alone isn’t why I am unique. My ability to effectively multitask warranting positive results in additions to maintaining driven to excelShow MoreRelatedChurch Leaders Can Get Equipped By Gaining An In-Depth1415 Words   |  6 Pagesof his will, To the praise of the glory of his grace, wherein he hath made us ac cepted in the beloved. (Ephesians 1:1-6) Jesus always had fellowship with the Father. We want an existing relationship with our Lord Jesus Christ as the Head who changes lives and makes all things innovative. 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In that role, I was responsible for advising joint security investigations, disseminating strategic intelligence, allocating information technologiesRead MoreIam Level 2 Certificate in Principles of Business and Administration Qualification Handbook 2011 Edition9178 Words   |  37 Pagescandidates 9 Membership 10 3 †¢ Information for centres Centre and qualification approval 11 Resource requirements 12 Registration and certification 12 Plagiarism 13 4 †¢ IAM units Principles of personal responsibilities and working in a business environment 17 Principles of providing administrative systems 21 Principles of managing information and producing documents 25 5 †¢ Optional units Principles of supporting change in a business environment 29 Principles of supporting business eventsRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesLocal Church Funds ................................................................ Funds of Auxiliary Organizations ............................................. 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A gastroenterology community of practice (CoP) might provide knowledge sharing and professional networking opportunities for NP and PA colonoscopists, based on assessment of their needRead MoreAnalysis on American Well3128 Words   |  13 Pagestoday. Not that we’re necessarily lacking medical knowledge, however problems surrounding proper execution and effective management. It was then that Ido and Roy Schoenberg thought their company American Well would revolutionize the industry. That statement is truthful in many ways. In contrast with the traditional approach, patients would use IT to bridge the gap when seeking medical attention. Now with â€Å"Team Edition† being planned – presumably connecting primary care physicians and specialists, it

Sustainability of Natural Capital Essay Example

Essays on Sustainability of Natural Capital Essay The paper "Sustainability of Natural Capital" is a worthy example of an essay on finance and accounting. Dixon and Hamilton define natural capital as innately occurring resources on earth, which provide ecological services, goods or flows that are necessary to support life; for example, water, minerals, arable land, biodiversity, and oxygen among others (Dixon Hamilton 15). Over the years, business practices continue to exploit natural capital to meet their financial targets leading to its degradation. In addition, governmental policies, rapid population growth rates, environmental modifications, and development patterns also contribute to the alarming degradation of natural capital (Dixon Hamilton 15). The majority of the examples of natural capital are non-renewable; therefore, environmentalists lobby for their preservation. They infer that adopting sustainable practices endeavor to reduce the rate of degradation.Monetary income derived from natural capital is referred to as natu ral income. A research done by the World Resources Institute (WRI) revealed that global pharmaceutical companies generated an estimated 75-120 billion dollars (WRI). There are both financial and environmental implications resulting from the depletion of natural capital. Excessive exploitation of natural capital has led to its limited availability; thus increasing market prices. Businesses have to take into account the high production costs, as they affect their profit margins. Conversely, greenhouse gases emitted destroy ecosystems such as aquatic and terrestrial, increases global temperature, which in turn leads to an increase in sea level and affects weather patterns. Environmental pollutions continue to affect adversely the quality of human life; for example, more people are suffering from chronic lifestyle diseases such as skin cancer because of the destroyed ozone layer.The interplay of factors impedes the sustainability of natural capital. Firstly, pre-existing economic models do not sufficiently address the problem of unsustainable usage of natural capital. For example, inadequate information pertaining to the duration needed for natural resources to renew themselves is available. In addition, the majority of natural resources are non-renewable. The manual production of these resources is impractical due to inadequate technology and high costs. As such, the only option left to stakeholders of natural capital is to regulate their usage. In conjunction with governments across the globe, organizations are adopting policies aimed at minimizing the degradation of natural capital. For example, a case study done on the Dutch Wadden sea wetlands estimates that rapid population growth, land reclamation, and pollution contribute to the rapid degradation of the wetlands. However, through the implementation of strict policies and regulations, the government has been able to protect the natural capital provided by the wetlands; therefore, ensure sustainability (Dixo n Hamilton 16-17).In conclusion, natural capital is a concern for individuals in different sectors. As such, it is incumbent upon all stakeholders to work together towards supporting research geared towards examining sustainable practices aimed towards safeguarding natural practices. In addition, they ought to implement policies that support the sustainability of natural capital.

Organizational Report Singapore Airlines Limited

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Report Singapore Airlines Limited. Answer: Introduction The corporate environment continues to grow in terms of competitiveness as days go by. There is an inevitable need for organizations to put in place the right and effective strategies which would ensure consistency in quality delivery and hence the overall organizational performance. Some basic management strategies which have a direct link with organizational performance include; the nature and structure of leadership, the communication strategies as well as the motivational approaches. With reference to the aspects above, this report analyses Singapore Airlines (SIA) by outlining its leadership structure, communication as well as motivational strategies. The objective of this report is highlight how effective these approaches have been in placing the organization in its current position in terms of corporate. Through review of literature and company reports, the report shall also examine if these leadership approaches have been effective in enhancing good worker involvement as well as efficient consumer relations. The report shall then be summarized with an outline of some of the successful strategies used by Singapore Airlines Limited which could be borrowed by other managers in a bid to enhance organizational performance (Andersen, 2001). Singapore Airlines Limited Singapore Airlines whose history began in 1947 is one of the air transport herbs in Singapore. Despite being owned by the government, the management of SIA has been solely delinked from the government operations and the responsibilities given to a board of directors instituted by the Ministry of finance. The leadership of the company is therefore spearheaded by the ownership of both the Singapore government as well as Temasek Holdings Company. Consequently, the SIA is managed and controlled through a dual leadership structure. SIA comprises 36 subsidiaries each of which have the responsibility to accomplish the companys mission, vision and goals (Binggeli and Pompeo, 2002). The companys vision is to remain an excellent organization which positively impacts the lives of the people it interacts with. The organizations mission is to ensure consistency in offering high quality services to the clients in a bid to make maximum returns which not only benefits the companys stakeholders but t he employees as well. One of the subsidiaries is the SIA Engineering Company which deals with repair and maintenance as well as overhaul procedures.. The other subsidiary is the Singapore Airlines Cargo which deals with freight and movement of passenger cargo. The Silkair subsidiary handles regional flights destined for secondary cities while the Tigerair and Scoot are the subsequent subsidiaries which deal with low cost flights both within and outside the country. Leadership Style The successful endeavors of the organization can be attributed to the stable leadership structures installed by the various stakeholders (Anita, 2010). Each of these subsidiaries is led by a manager who is helped by the various departmental heads who in turn handle the lower level of the human resource hierarchy. The system of leadership is characterized by a diversified approach where duties are shared despite the existence of specialization (Braisby and Gellatly, 2012). Despite the fact that decision making majorly involves the board which is the highest level of authority within the organization, Singapore Airlines has installed effective strategies of communication which ensure that the input of at least all the employees is adequately considering during the crucial process of decision making. The style of leadership is therefore keen on enhancing a conducive environment for free and effective communication within the various phases of the organization (Campbell, 2002). The effectiveness of the leadership style at Singapore Airlines can be outlined by the nature in which the company has consistently outsmarted its competitors. Despite the emergence of several other competitors offering the same services at relatively lower costs, SIA has maintained its core strategies in maintaining quality delivery and effective customer satisfaction. The company management led by the CEO has ensured that each of the 36 subsidiaries operate alongside the organizations key strategies which are basically aimed at making profits while offering the best services to clients (Costa, Harned and Lundquist, 2002). Through the integration of differentiation and cost leadership, the Singapore Airlines management has continued to lay emphasis on innovation, training and efficiency in operation. The organization executes frequent training of the staff and workers in various departments. This strategy is aimed at enhancing the employees skills and competitiveness in their areas of responsibility. With an informed workforce, the leadership style at SIA has successful ensured organizational success by empowering its human resource fraternity. In addition to employee empowerment through a dual leadership strategy, the Singapore Airlines continues to woe its clientele through the incorporation of cost effective approaches. The fact that each subsidiary is led by its own manager adequately diversifies roles and reduces the cost of executing the companys strategic plans especially if the leadership was centralized and dependent on a single management approach. In addition, the leadership style within the organization upholds the use of information technology in enhancing the quality of operations. For instance, through IT, the company has developed a user friendly website where customers can easily access and check the flight schedules (Daft and Armstrong, 2009). The platform is also essential as it enables the company to speedily pass important information on flight changes, changes in prices and introduction of new packages just to mention but few. In a nut shell, the SIA leadership style is made up of a rigorous service de sign which keeps each member of staff on toes not only to deliver but also ensure that the quality of this delivery is outstanding. Each of these approaches have remained effective in enhancing the companys competitive edge despite the demanding nature of the clients in terms of the quality of service delivery. In addition, the SIA leadership style is keen on staff empowerment, training and motivation. This approach goes a long way in ensuring that the members of staff are developed holistically (Dattilio and Freeman, 2007). With proper employee engagement and efficient customer satisfaction, the organizational performance of Singapore Airlines has improved and continues to improve as days go by. The table below shows the trends in performance improvement exhibited by SIA within a span of three years Year Positive Customer Feedback Statistics Change in Profitability 2014 60% 70% 2015 75% 80% 2016 85% 90% From the table, we can deduce that the change in customer feedbacks has a direct influence on the companys profitability. This therefore indicates that the strategies installed by the leadership play a crucial role in triggering positive customer feedbacks and a subsequent increase in returns on investment due to stable market (Glisson, 2008). The trend also indicates an annual improvement in profitability as registered by the company which reveals that the leadership style has been effective in enhancing effective organizational performance. The companys leadership strategy is summarized below. Motivation and Reward Aspects at Singapore Airlines According to the equity theory of motivation, the level of motivation accorded an employee is directly equal to the extent to which the employee satisfies the companys strategies and goals. This theory stipulates that when an employee is treated in a manner that enhances their confidence and sense of belonging, their engagement is greatly improved which in turn culminates in effective organizational performance (Collins and Wood, 2009). The SIA has put in place various strategies which all play a crucial role in enhancing the fair treatment of the employees. For instance, the company continuously carries out a facelift of the Singapore Girl, which is a crucial organ of the human resource fraternity especially with regards to flight related issues (Doganis, 2006). According to Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory also known as the two factors or dual factor theory, there are specific aspects at the work place which enhance job satisfaction. The theory further stipulates that there are those factors which cause job dissatisfaction. An appropriate leadership structure and dissemination of responsibilities is one of the key strengths at SIA. The dual nature of leadership enhances sharing of roles which in turn causes job satisfaction. Additionally, the organization achieves job satisfaction through staff empowering. In a bid to trigger a positive response from the workers, the organization is keen on enhancing staff training and exposure through various exhibitions and conference (Dattilio Freeman, 2007). This strategy is not only aimed at uplifting their level of motivation but also ensuing that each individual in their area of responsibility remain competent. (Anita, 2010). The employees who indicate improvement in performance gauged by the am ount of returns and the nature of client feedbacks are then subjected to a reward scheme (Dobbin, 2012). The nature of reward is always such that it comes in a measure equal to the standards set by the company. For instance, the individuals who achieve certain stipulated targets in their lines of duty are rewarded based on this achievement. These strategies have not only contributed in enhancing motivational levels at SIA but also ensure adequate job satisfaction. According to the needs theory, the motivational strategies by a company can be designed such that the reward given to an individual remains solely dependent on the extent to which the worker caters for the companys needs (Heracles, 2009). This implies that when the employees adequately execute their responsibilities, their motivational needs are accorded in good measure (Daft Armstrong, 2009). As highlighted by Maslow, individuals have various needs which include physiological or material needs, need for safety, love, and esteem as well as the desire to achieve self-actualization. The Singapore Airlines have remained active when it comes to creating a conducive environment for its employees which ensures that they feel loved and safe at the place of work. This is not only achieved through an open communication system but through recognized company procedures. In these procedures, the consistent performers are recognized during specially organized company occasions. These reward stra tegies also enhance the workers esteem in addition to giving them a reason to offer their best in responsibilities due to the desire for this very recognition and hence the associated rewards. The organization has effectively aligned its reward aspects with the organizational targets. This idea initiates the desire for self-actualization in the employees which in this case is more or less linked to the extent to which the workers achieve the set targets. Reward and motivation at SIA is therefore based largely on the extent to which the companys objectives are achieved by the employees. The job characteristics model highlights the fact that individual responsibilities ought to be treated as the main source of motivation. This occurs when the job environment is made attractive through the introduction of efficient but non-confining policies. The theory further outlines that the nature of a job has a special way of influencing worker motivation. At SIA, the management has remained keen on ensuring that the employees enjoy their work and hence give their best. The company operates alongside the guidance of accommodative work policies. These approaches do not only ensure effectiveness in service delivery within the human resource but also establishes an organizational culture in which the workers are confident and free enough to exploit their talents (Lewin, 2006). It is therefore a crucial responsibility for an organizations management to ensure that the nature of the job environment enhances maximum worker engagement before other motivational strategies are installed. The big five personality traits offer a perfect model which managers can use to learn the different personalities of the employees and hence come up with work policies which effectively complement these personalities. Singapore Airlines believes emphasizes on the motivation of employees as a key strategy in ensuring that they are open to experience which is one of the traits in the five factor model. In line with this, the motivational schemes used by the company spread across all the subsidiaries. The employees are accorded an equal opportunity for recognition and reward. With the knowledge that each is eligible for rewards, each member of the human resource department operates self-discipline and a dutiful desire for excellence. This amounts to conscientiousness, one of the big five traits. This collectively enhances the general performance of the organization. To enhance the effectiveness of the recognition schemes, they are constantly revised and the necessary adjustments made. T he strategy encourages extraversion among the employees as the motivation aspects tend to increase their assertiveness and energy at work (Hinings, 2013). The good salaries have been fundamental in maintaining the composition of the human resource. Most of the employees within the current team have served in the organization for long periods of time. This could be attributed to the appropriate job environment established by the companys management which enhances agreeableness and cooperativeness. An effective environment created by an organization does not only retain the current workforce but also reduces neuroticism and serves a part in attracting new individuals in future. In a nut shell, the motivational strategies at SIA have remained effective due to the fact that they are holistic. This implies that the rewards schemes do not only target the workers but also the managers (Ostroff, 1993). The table below shows the correlation between worker motivation and profit outcomes for a span of three years. Year Percentage Level of Worker Motivation Change in Profitability 2014 60% 70% 2015 75% 80% 2016 85% 90% From the table, we can deduce a direction correlation between the level of worker motivation and the organizational performance. It therefore implies that a high level of motivation increases the workers engagement which in turn enhances the organizational performance. This can be reflected by the reported profit margins. The information can also be reflected using the pie chart below. Communication Strategy at Singapore Airlines Limited Open and Result Oriented Communication The communication strategy in Singapore Airlines is not only open but also result driven. With the aid of IT, the company has developed a complex infrastructure which aids in the movement information which is effectively packaged and transmitted with clarity. As one of its basic approaches to communication, SIA has developed an interactive website (Hickson, 2015). Through the user friendly platform, crucial information can be passed to the workers and clients in a simple and accessible manner. To enhance the quality of information passed, the messages are scrutinized by the organizations communication experts. This does not only enhance the message richness but also ensure that the basic objective to obtain a result from the communicaion is perfectly achieved. Formal and informal strategies The communication system at SIA involves a combination of both formal and informal approaches. Information is passed from a central source and passed through multi channels with the intention of reaching as many people as possible. For instance the website is mainly used for formal transmission of crucial information to workers and clients. The strategy here involves the establishment of small online formal groups to aid in the process of information transmission. Each subsidiary has its own formal group. This ensures that each individual receives only the information relevant to their area of service. On the other hand, the organization uses other informal tools like then social media which may include facebook pages and twitter handles. Both of these tools are used in communication depending on the nature of the information. This implies that formal information can be passed through the website while relatively informal ones are transmitted through the social media platforms (Langh am and Rezania, 2006). Mode of communication: Involves both oral and written messages By reviewing the history of the company, it is evident that the communication styles have transformed over the past years. The SIA management continues to work over time by bringing in newer strategies aimed at improving communication. In the past, the mode of communication mainly involved verbal and written approaches for instance using notice boards, circulars and related communication articles (Ostroff, 2009). However, with the emergence of technology, the organization mainly uses the internet and other online platforms like the websites and social media. In these avenues the mode of communication mainly involves writing. For instance, the information on flight schedules, changes in packages and any information intended for the employees and clients is always posted in written form on the companys website. The method of communication largely involves both vertical and horizontal transmission. This trend indicates the transformation which has taken place in the communication strate gies used at SIA. Channel Richness Strategies The Singapore Airlines mainly uses IT based approaches in communication. This strategy can be evaluated by reviewing the extent to which it has proved effective in enhancing organizational performance. To begin with, the strategy is cost effective since it only requires information to be placed in an accessible platform where the recipients can visit and retrieve. This replaces the cumbersome approach of having to send information to each members of the organization. Secondly, IT based communication strategies are time saving (Posey, 2012). For instance due to the fact that the website is user friendly, workers and clients can easily access the platform and gain the necessary updates. It therefore takes a shorter time for the intended message to reach the audience compared to other methods of communication. In addition, the communication strategies are efficient enough in ensuring that all the members of the organization are reached (Trevisani, 2016). This is because the SIA has a da tabase of its employees and clients stored in the online platform. This ensures that the message passed reaches as many people as possible. The organization also uses other back up methods which include follow up emails, messages, notices live speeches as well as formal reports. These strategies adequately support the companys business needs in addition to enhancing good consumer relations which culminates in effective organizational performance. Conclusion The Singapore Airlines Limited remains one of the most recognized corporate organizations in Singapore and the surrounding regions. This success could be attributed to a number of factors and strategies implemented by the company. The companys leadership style is adept at enhancing the organizational goals. The dual structure and cost leadership has proved fundamental in enhancing the companys level of operation. The motivational and reward strategies have played a crucial role in improving employee engagement, commitment and their general output. Furthermore, the communication strategies implemented within the organization have remained effective in ensuring free flow of information within the organization. Each of these approaches has been crucial in enhancing the performance of the organization which could be confirmed by the high profit margins achieved by the company especially in recent years. References Andersen T.J. 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